butane chemical properties

 

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Ethanol

Ethanol
IUPAC name
Other namesEthyl alcohol; grain alcohol; pure alcohol; hydroxyethane; drinking alcohol; ethyl hydrate
Identifiers
CAS number64-17-5
RTECS numberKQ6300000
SMILES
ChemSpider ID682
Properties
Molecular formulaC2H6O
Molar mass46.07 g mol−1
Appearancecolorless clear liquid
Density0.789 g/cm3
Melting point

−114.3 °C, 159 K, -174 °F

Boiling point

78.4 °C, 352 K, 173 °F

Solubility in waterFully miscible
Acidity (pKa)15.9
Viscosity1.200 mPa·s (cP) at 20.0 °C
Dipole moment5.64 fC·fm (1.69 D) (gas)
Hazards
MSDSExternal MSDS
EU classificationFlammable F
NFPA 704
3
1
0
 
R-phrasesR11 R20 R21 R22 R36
S-phrases(S2) S7 S16
Flash point286.15 K (13 °C or 55.4 °F)
Related compounds
Related compoundsmethanol, propanol
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties
n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral dataUV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug, best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and in modern thermometers. Ethanol is one of the oldest recreational drugs known to man. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as alcohol or spirits.

Ethanol is a straight-chain alcohol, and its molecular formula is C2H5OH. Its empirical formula is C2H6O. An alternative notation is CH3-CH2-OH, which indicates that the carbon of a methyl group (CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group (-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is a constitutional isomer of dimethyl ether. Ethanol is often abbreviated as EtOH, using the common organic chemistry notation of representing the ethyl group (C2H5) with Et.

The fermentation of sugar into ethanol is one of the earliest organic reactions employed by humanity. The intoxicating effects of ethanol consumption have been known since ancient times. In modern times, ethanol intended for industrial use is also produced from by-products of petroleum refining.[1]

Ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. In chemistry, it is both an essential solvent and a feedstock for the synthesis of other products. It has a long history as a fuel for heat and light and also as a fuel for internal combustion engines.

 

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How to Grow Black Hair WIth Minimal Products


Instructions

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Things You’ll Need:

  • Moisturizing shampoo, sulfate free
  • Moisturizing conditioner with few ingredients that end with "cone"
  • Protein conditioner
  • Deep moisturizing conditioner, preferably mineral oil free
  • Deep protein conditioner
  • Wide toothed comb
  • A variety of natural oils
  • Castor oil
  • Essential oils like peppermint, rosemary, emu....
  • A doo rag or satin scarf
  • Glycerin
  • An empty spray bottle
  • Honey
  • A willingness to expeiriment and research what products will work for your specific hair needs and type.
Step1
Everyone knows the basis of healthy hair is a good diet full of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and good fats. But a lot of people forget the importance of keeping hydrated. Your body needs water, your hair included. Water helps flush out impurities as well as increase blood volume and trnasporting nutrients throughout the body and to the follicles that feed your hair. The body also needs sulphur which is a nutrient that is present in every cell and helps cell growth. Eggs and onions are a good source of sulphur. Try to eat a balanced diet and if this is difficult then under a doctors approval, supplement with multi-vitamins.
Step2
Start with a clean scalp. The scalp likes to be clean, the hair thrives on a clean scalp. Cleaning the scalp allows for optimal moisture to be absorbed and for growth aides to penetrate more effectively. Fill an empty spray bottle with water and lightly mist the hair until the hair is damp. Depending on the length of your hair part into four to eight sections and detangle with a wide toothed comb. Loosely braid each section seperately and get ready to step into the shower to shampoo your hair. Before applying the shampoo first dilute it 1 part shampoo to 4 parts water, step into the shower with your watery shampoo. Hold your head so that when you pour on the shampoo it won't run into your face. With one hand pour the shampoo on the crown of your head slowly allowing it to travel between the exposed parts, with the other hand start massaging the shampoo into the scalp. Make sure the scalp is saturated. Turn the water on when you are ready to rinse, make sure that it isn't hot because hot water damages the hair and can scald the scalp. Rinse well. Turn off the water.
Step3
Pat hair until it is almost dry then apply the conditioner of your choice leaving it on the hair for five minutes if it is a regular instant conditioner, 30 minutes to an hour for a deep conditioning treatment (you'll want to get out of the shower and find something to do while the deep conditioner does its work) most people put on a plastic cap to hold in moisture and heat to help the conditioner work better. When time's up get back into the shower and rinse all traces of the conditioner from your hair. Now its time for nourishing and moisturizing the scalp and hair.
Step4
When the hair is wet it is at its optimal moisture level, the trick to keeping black hair moisturized is to keep that water in, not to grease it constantly with petroleum and mineral oil products that have no moisture in them. Look at a jar of "grease" does it list water? No... then that isn't a moisturizer, some people will argue that it works as a pretty good moisture sealant, but I disagree. Petroleum is bad for the scalp because it doesn't allow the skin to breathe and it clogs the pores... thereby hindering growth's full potential, mineral oil does the same. So what to use instead? Natural oil. Oils like olive allow the skin to breathe and not only retains moisture but allows moisture to penetate the hair shaft. Easily absorbed oils are jojoba and almond, these are my favorite because they are more like the natural oils our scalps secrete and they are light to the touch and don't cause heavy build up.
Essential oils like rosemary, peppermint, and emu aide growth by stimulating the blood flow to the scalp and energizing the follicles to make hair grow faster. To use essential oils warrants caution because if used in excess or improperly can cause skin irritation. To use these oils for growth you dilute a few drops of essential oil to a few ounces of a natural oil of your choice. My favorites are emu oil mixed with coconut and Wild Growth oil, or rosemary oil mixed with grapeseed oil, or sage in olive oil (I use powdered Sage and allow it to set in olive oil for months and when the Sage has turned the olive oil dark green I strain the liquid and use the oil)sometimes I like to use peppermint oil with olive oil.
Another favorite of mine is shea butter and coconut oil. There are thousands of people that can attest to the miraculous properties of coconut oil and shea butter, and when you mix the two you get an ultimate hair butter that will make you fall in love. Mix in a few drops of peppermint oil and castor oil and you have a great growth and softening product.
Apply the oil of your choice to your wet hair and scalp. Allow hair to air dry for as long as possible and if you choose to blow dry do so on the lowest heat setting.
Step5
Take hair down from the braids and detangle. At this point your hair should feel soft and silky. Style however you choose.
Step6
On the days you don't shampoo there are a few things you can do to keep your hair moisturized. Your hair needs daily moisture, especially in the winter when indoor heaters cause the air to become dry and in turn any moisture you have in your hair gets wicked into the atmosphere. Some people co-wash nightly or every other night, some people spray their hair then tie it down under a doo rag or satin scarf. Co-washing is when instead of using shampoo you use conditioner. Its simply rinsing the hair, applying conditioner, then rinsing the conditioner out. Afterward they oil the scalp and hair. The main idea of co-washing is to moisturize the hair and keep it pliable and soft. It works really well for most people. But for the people that don't want to go around with sopping wet heads there is the spray method. My favorite spray is homemade. It is made from 6ozs of water two ozs of glycerin, two drops of honey and a few tablespoons of almond oil. I spray this on my hair daily. Water and glycerin for moisture, honey for B vitamins to add strength and oil to lock in the moisture. After I spray my hair I wrap it and tie it under a doo rag or satin/silk scarf. If you are one of those types that doesn't want their hair to frizz up or revert or "turn back" I suggest you invest in a good hair creme that contains no mineral oil... or you could just make your own with shea butter and almond oil. But for those of us that sport relaxed tresses we can afford to wet our hair a bit if we remember to wrap it while it is still relatively wet. Moisturizing cuts down on breakage and shedding and once you stop the breakage and shedding by keeping your hair properly moisturized you WILL START TO SEE GROWTH. Your hair will become stronger and more manageable. It will become soft and bouncy, and unbelievably shiny.
Step7
Rememeber hair takes time to grow, but don't get discouraged, these tips work. Keep your body and scalp healthy and you'll see less breakage and more length. I know it seems like a lot to do, but actually its not if you cut out all of those other tings like flat ironing and hot curling... gelling, spraying... and if you only comb your hair 1x a day (or less) with a wide toothed comb you'll reduce tons of breakage and shedding. The less damage and stree you put on your hair the longer and healthier it'll be. If you were using rubber bands, stop. If you were using grease, stop. If you were using small toothed combs, stop. If you are serious about having hair that your neighbors will envy and enemies will hate you for then research hair products. Find out what you are actually putting on your skin and allowing to penetrate into your bloodstream. If its a chemical chances are it is causing more harm to you than good. Honestly would you rather spray lighter fluid on your head or use almond oil to your tresses? Well if you choose sheen spray you ARE SPRAYING LIGHTER FLUID ON YOUR HAIR! Anti-freeze or olive oil? So many hair products contain propylene glycol which is anti-freeze... Sulfates cause cell erosion which can inhibit hair growth and cause baldness after prolonged use... look at that bottle of shampoo if it contains sulfates you might want to invest in something better.