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Ethanol

Ethanol
IUPAC name
Other namesEthyl alcohol; grain alcohol; pure alcohol; hydroxyethane; drinking alcohol; ethyl hydrate
Identifiers
CAS number64-17-5
RTECS numberKQ6300000
SMILES
ChemSpider ID682
Properties
Molecular formulaC2H6O
Molar mass46.07 g mol−1
Appearancecolorless clear liquid
Density0.789 g/cm3
Melting point

−114.3 °C, 159 K, -174 °F

Boiling point

78.4 °C, 352 K, 173 °F

Solubility in waterFully miscible
Acidity (pKa)15.9
Viscosity1.200 mPa·s (cP) at 20.0 °C
Dipole moment5.64 fC·fm (1.69 D) (gas)
Hazards
MSDSExternal MSDS
EU classificationFlammable F
NFPA 704
3
1
0
 
R-phrasesR11 R20 R21 R22 R36
S-phrases(S2) S7 S16
Flash point286.15 K (13 °C or 55.4 °F)
Related compounds
Related compoundsmethanol, propanol
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties
n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral dataUV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug, best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and in modern thermometers. Ethanol is one of the oldest recreational drugs known to man. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as alcohol or spirits.

Ethanol is a straight-chain alcohol, and its molecular formula is C2H5OH. Its empirical formula is C2H6O. An alternative notation is CH3-CH2-OH, which indicates that the carbon of a methyl group (CH3-) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group (-CH2-), which is attached to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is a constitutional isomer of dimethyl ether. Ethanol is often abbreviated as EtOH, using the common organic chemistry notation of representing the ethyl group (C2H5) with Et.

The fermentation of sugar into ethanol is one of the earliest organic reactions employed by humanity. The intoxicating effects of ethanol consumption have been known since ancient times. In modern times, ethanol intended for industrial use is also produced from by-products of petroleum refining.[1]

Ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavorings, colorings, and medicines. In chemistry, it is both an essential solvent and a feedstock for the synthesis of other products. It has a long history as a fuel for heat and light and also as a fuel for internal combustion engines.

 

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